The Sonta in A-major by Schubert was written in 1819. This work, with but three concise movements, is the most direct and economical of the Schubert sonatas; it surely is one of the most endearing.
The first movement’s main theme, although tailor-made for the keyboard, is another of those countless Schubert melodies that could be set to words. Cannily, however, the composer endowed the melody with a distinctive dotted-note figure that is highly developable, sonata-allegro style. In his characteristic manner, Schubert turns the second sentence of the theme to the minor, a procedure that occurs frequently throughout the movement. A triplet figure distinguishes the airy second theme, and in fact the ascending triplet scale in single notes that leads to the second theme generates the only brilliant passage in the movement, by way of a series of scales in octaves at the beginning of the development. In contrast to this slight virtuosic indulgence, Schubert ends the movement with a six-measure coda that reflects on the main theme with simple, sighing poignance.
The slow movement is a model of concentrated expressiveness. Built on but a single melodic idea appearing at times in uneven phrase lengths, the music unfolds with the miraculous variety of the changes of harmony, rhythm, and accompaniment. At mid-point, a transition phrase has a quasi-ominous ring as repeated drumbeats in the low bass remind us of the composer’s keen orchestral consciousness.
The last movement is something of a whirlwind, but a charming whirlwind. There’s a lot of dance here, especially in the second theme’s rhythmic lilt. There is also plenty of finely tuned bravura that is neither unmotivated nor excessive. The Sonata’s balances are, in fact, so wonderfully gauged and the materials so appealing, one is tempted to label this Sonata “The Perfect.”
Here is the music as performed by Sviatoslav Richter:
